Which factor is NOT included in determining the totality of the circumstances?

The totality of the circumstances refers to the comprehensive evaluation of various factors when assessing the appropriateness of use of force in law enforcement situations. This concept is grounded in ensuring that officers make reasonable judgments based on the context of an encounter.

The type and severity of the crime, immediate threats posed by the suspect, and whether the suspect exhibits active resistance or attempts to escape are all critical elements that inform an officer's decision-making process. Each of these factors directly relates to the immediate situation at hand and helps officers gauge the level of threat they, or others, may be facing.

In contrast, while a suspect's prior arrests might provide background information, it does not directly influence the evaluation of the current incident's circumstances. Previous arrests are more relevant for understanding a suspect's history or potential for future behavior rather than assessing the current level of threat or the appropriate response during an active situation. Thus, prior arrest history is not a part of the immediate factors that constitute the totality of the circumstances in assessing use of force.