What are potential legal ramifications of excessive force?

Choosing civil liability and criminal charges as the correct answer encompasses the serious legal consequences that can arise from the use of excessive force by law enforcement officers. When an officer employs force that is deemed excessive, it not only violates departmental policies but can also infringe upon an individual's civil rights. This violation can lead to civil lawsuits where the officer and potentially the police department may face financial penalties awarded to the aggrieved person.

In addition to civil liabilities, excessive force can result in criminal charges against the officer. Depending on the severity of the actions taken, these charges can range from misdemeanors to felonies, which can lead to significant legal proceedings and possible incarceration. Such legal ramifications underline the importance of adherence to use-of-force policies, as they serve to protect both the rights of individuals and the integrity of law enforcement agencies.

The other options, while related to outcomes within a department or officer accountability, do not address the legal implications as directly or significantly as civil liability and criminal charges do. Counseling sessions, loss of badge, and increased training requirements may be actions taken by departments in response to excessive force incidents, but they do not encompass the broader legal consequences that can arise from such actions.